Ten free practice questions on wood-frame construction, the building envelope and finishes, for the Ontario Building Code (BCIN) exams House 2024 and Small Buildings 2024, which the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH) sets and Humber Polytechnic delivers. We group the Part 9 material both exams share into seven study units of our own, and this is Unit E. These are original questions written by TicketPrep from the 2024 Building Code and MMAH's syllabi, not questions from an exam. Each has four options and one correct answer, as every question in our bank does, and each is labelled with the exam or exams whose syllabus it is on. Answer each one before opening the explanation. No account, no email.
01The questions
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A plumber needs to bore through the 38 x 89 mm studs of a non-loadbearing interior partition in a house; the studs will not be reinforced. What is the largest hole diameter that still leaves the undamaged depth of each stud that the Building Code requires?
- 22.3 mm
- 29.7 mm
- 49 mm
- 59.3 mm
Show the answer
C. Correct. Div. B 9.23.5.3.(1) measures what is left: a non-loadbearing stud keeps at least 40 mm of undamaged depth unless it is reinforced. 89 mm - 40 mm = 49 mm is the largest hole.
Why not the others
A. 89 / 4 = 22.3 mm applies the quarter-depth hole limit for floor, roof and ceiling members (Div. B 9.23.5.1.(1)). Studs are judged by what remains: 40 mm in a non-loadbearing stud, so 89 - 40 = 49 mm.
B. 89 - (2/3 x 89) = 29.7 mm applies the two-thirds rule, which is for loadbearing studs. A non-loadbearing stud needs only 40 mm left (Div. B 9.23.5.3.(1)), which allows 49 mm.
D. 2/3 x 89 = 59.3 mm treats two thirds as the part that may be removed; even the loadbearing rule keeps two thirds intact. In this non-loadbearing stud 40 mm must remain, so 49 mm is the limit.
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.23.5.3.(1)
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In a two-storey house, the floor joists are framed into the side of a built-up wood beam instead of resting on top of it. In place of joist hangers, the framer will carry them on 38 x 38 mm ledger strips nailed to the beam. What else does the Building Code require for this detail?
- Nothing more: a 38 x 38 mm ledger strip is the minimum size in every case.
- Each joist is also nailed to the beam with at least four 89 mm nails.
- The ledger strips are bolted to the beam with 6.3 mm bolts at 600 mm o.c.
- A 12 mm space is left above the beam so the wood joists can shrink.
Show the answer
B. Correct. Joists framed into the side of a wood beam sit on joist hangers or other mechanical connectors, or on ledger strips of at least 38 x 64 mm (Div. B 9.23.9.2.(2)). A 38 x 38 mm strip is allowed only when every joist is also nailed into the beam with four or more 89 mm nails, on top of the ledger nailing that Div. B Table 9.23.3.4. calls for.
Why not the others
A. On a wood beam the usual ledger strip is at least 38 x 64 mm (Div. B 9.23.9.2.(2)(b)). The smaller 38 x 38 mm strip is accepted only on the added condition that each joist is also nailed into the beam with four or more 89 mm nails.
C. Bolting 38 x 38 mm lumber to the web with 6.3 mm bolts is the detail for joists framed into a steel beam (Div. B 9.23.9.2.(3)). On a wood beam the small ledger strip instead needs four 89 mm nails per joist into the beam (Div. B 9.23.9.2.(2)(b)).
D. The 12 mm shrinkage space is kept between a steel beam and the wood splice laid over it (Div. B 9.23.9.2.(4) and (5)). For joists hung on a wood beam the condition that applies is four 89 mm nails per joist into the beam (Div. B 9.23.9.2.(2)(b)).
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.23.9.2.(1), (2)(a) and (b), (3), (4) and (5), Div. B Table 9.23.3.4.
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Sheet vinyl, a resilient flooring, will be glued straight onto the 15.5 mm tongue-and-groove plywood subfloor of a house, with no separate underlay. What kind of nail must fasten that subfloor to the joists?
- Common or spiral nails of at least 51 mm in length.
- Annular grooved nails driven into the floor joists.
- Roofing nails with heads at least 11 mm across.
- Hot-dipped galvanized nails with a Z550 zinc coating.
Show the answer
B. Correct. Where resilient flooring goes directly onto an OSB, waferboard, particleboard or plywood subfloor, the subfloor is fastened to its supports with annular grooved nails (Div. B 9.23.15.6.(1)).
Why not the others
A. 51 mm common or spiral nails meet the general subfloor fastening table (Div. B Table 9.23.3.5.-A), but Div. B 9.23.15.6.(1) asks for annular grooved nails when resilient flooring is laid directly on the panel subfloor.
C. Large-head roofing-type nails are for fastening fibreboard, gypsum sheathing or rigid insulation (Div. B 9.23.17.3.(2)), not subfloors. A subfloor under resilient flooring takes annular grooved nails (Div. B 9.23.15.6.(1)).
D. A Z550 hot-dip coating is asked of connectors touching preservative-treated wood (Div. B 9.23.2.4.(1)), not of subfloor nails. The rule for this subfloor is annular grooved nails (Div. B 9.23.15.6.(1)).
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.23.15.6.(1), Div. B Table 9.23.3.5.-A, Div. B 9.23.17.3.(2), Div. B 9.23.2.4.(1)
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A non-loadbearing exterior wall framed with sheet steel studs has a window opening 2.6 m wide that spans several stud spaces. How must the studs at each side of the opening be framed?
- Single studs, since the wall carries no structural load.
- Tripled studs, since the opening is over 2.4 m in width.
- Doubled studs, since the opening is under 3 m in width.
- Doubled studs, with runners fixed at the head and the sill.
Show the answer
B. Correct. Steel studs are doubled at each side of an opening wider than one stud space and tripled where an opening in an exterior wall is wider than 2.4 m (Div. B 9.24.3.5.(1)); they are fastened together to act as one unit (Div. B 9.24.3.5.(2)). A 2.6 m exterior opening needs tripled studs.
Why not the others
A. Even in non-loadbearing walls, steel studs at an opening wider than one stud space are at least doubled (Div. B 9.24.3.5.(1)), and tripled in exterior walls once the opening is over 2.4 m.
C. The 3 m figure belongs to wood studs, where it is set by lintel length (Div. B 9.23.10.6.). Steel studs in exterior walls are tripled once the opening is wider than 2.4 m (Div. B 9.24.3.5.(1)).
D. Runners at the ends of the short studs above and below an opening are required as well (Div. B 9.24.3.1.(4)), but they do not replace the third stud: exterior openings over 2.4 m need tripled studs (Div. B 9.24.3.5.(1)).
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.24.3.5.(1) and (2), Div. B 9.24.3.1.(4)
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A bungalow's attic sits over a sloped ceiling whose supporting slope is 3.5 in 12, and the insulation space above it is unconfined. The builder proposes loose-fill expanded polystyrene beads for that sloped area. Does Section 9.25 allow this?
- No; loose-fill insulation of any type may be used on level surfaces only.
- Yes; any type of loose-fill insulation may be used on slopes of up to 4.5 in 12.
- No; loose fill other than mineral or cellulose fibre is limited to 2.5 in 12.
- Yes, provided baffles keep the loose fill clear of the soffit vents.
Show the answer
C. Correct. Loose fill in an unconfined sloped space may sit on a supporting slope as steep as 4.5 in 12 only when it is a mineral or cellulose fibre product; any other kind stops at 2.5 in 12 (Div. B 9.25.2.4.(2)). Polystyrene beads on a 3.5 in 12 slope exceed that, so a fibre loose fill or another product is needed.
Why not the others
A. Level surfaces only is the starting rule of Div. B 9.25.2.4.(1), but Sentence (2) of that Article allows loose fill in unconfined sloped spaces within set slope limits. The problem here is that polystyrene beads are limited to 2.5 in 12.
B. The 4.5 in 12 limit in Div. B 9.25.2.4.(2) is for mineral fibre and cellulose fibre only. Polystyrene beads fall under the 2.5 in 12 limit for other types, which this 3.5 in 12 slope exceeds.
D. Keeping soffit vents open is a separate requirement (Div. B 9.25.2.4.(6)); it does not lift the slope limit. Loose fill other than mineral or cellulose fibre is limited to a 2.5 in 12 supporting slope (Div. B 9.25.2.4.(2)).
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.25.2.4.(1), (2) and (6)
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A new detached house in Windsor (SB-1: 3 400 degree-days below 18 °C) has an asphalt-shingle roof over heated space, sloped 1 in 3 and laid by the normal method, with a 450 mm overhang. Must eave protection be installed?
- Yes; from the roof edge 900 mm up the slope to 300 mm inside the wall.
- No; a 1 in 3 slope is steep enough for eave protection to be left off.
- No; it is not required where degree-days are 3 500 or fewer.
- Yes, but only across the 450 mm overhang, as far as the outer wall face.
Show the answer
C. Correct. Eave protection on shingle roofs may be left off where the location has no more than 3 500 degree-days (Div. B 9.26.5.1.(2)(e)). Windsor's SB-1 value is 3 400, so the exemption applies even though the roof is over heated space.
Why not the others
A. That is the general extent of eave protection (Div. B 9.26.5.1.(1)), but it applies only where no exemption fits. With 3 400 degree-days, Windsor falls under the 3 500 degree-day exemption (Div. B 9.26.5.1.(2)(e)).
B. The slope exemption is for roofs of 1 in 1.5 or steeper (Div. B 9.26.5.1.(2)(d)); 1 in 3 is much flatter. The exemption that applies here comes from the degree-days.
D. No rule limits eave protection to the overhang; where it is required it must reach a line 300 mm inside the inner face of the wall (Div. B 9.26.5.1.(1)). In Windsor it is not required at all.
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.26.5.1.(1) and (2)(d), (e); SB-1 Table 2
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The eavestroughs of a new detached house drain to downspouts that end at grade beside the foundation; they are not connected to a sewer. What does Div. B 9.26.18.2. require at the foot of each downspout?
- A connection to the storm sewer, since downspouts may not discharge at grade.
- A connection to the foundation drain, so the water is carried off below grade.
- An extension that leads the water away from the house without eroding soil.
- Grading that slopes away from the wall, in place of any extension.
Show the answer
C. Correct. Where downspouts are not connected to a sewer, Div. B 9.26.18.2.(1) requires extensions that lead the rainwater away from the building in a way that will not erode the soil. Part 5 sets the same outcome for designs under it (Div. B 5.6.2.2.(3)).
Why not the others
A. Downspouts may discharge at grade; in that case the code asks for extensions, not a sewer connection (Div. B 9.26.18.2.(1)).
B. Div. B 9.26.18.2.(1) does not route downspouts into the foundation drain; it calls for extensions that carry the water away from the building without eroding the soil.
D. Grading the lot so that water does not collect at the building is a separate requirement (Div. B 9.14.6.1.(1)), and for downspouts Div. B 9.14.6.5.(1) points back to Div. B 9.26.18.2. Sloped grading does not replace the extension that carries the water away without eroding the soil (Div. B 9.26.18.2.(1)).
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.26.18.2.(1), Div. B 5.6.2.2.(3)
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Aluminum head flashing is proposed over the windows of a stucco-clad detached house. What does Part 9 require for it?
- A drained and vented air space behind the stucco at each window head.
- Nothing extra: aluminum of the listed thickness may bear directly on stucco.
- Replacement with another metal, since aluminum may not be used with stucco.
- An impervious membrane or coating separating the aluminum from the stucco.
Show the answer
D. Correct. Div. B 9.28.1.5.(1) applies the cladding flashing rules of Subsections 9.27.3. and 9.27.4. to stucco, with one addition: aluminum flashing needs an impervious membrane or coating between it and the stucco.
Why not the others
A. Part 9 sets no drained air space requirement here; the rule specific to aluminum flashing is an impervious membrane or coating between it and the stucco (Div. B 9.28.1.5.(1)).
B. Meeting the aluminum thickness in Div. B 9.27.3.7.(1) is not enough next to stucco; Div. B 9.28.1.5.(1) also requires an impervious membrane or coating between the two.
C. Aluminum is barred for the fasteners of stucco lath (Div. B 9.28.3.1.(1)), not for flashing. Aluminum flashing is allowed if a membrane or coating keeps it apart from the stucco (Div. B 9.28.1.5.(1)).
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.28.1.5.(1), 9.28.3.1.(1), 9.27.3.7.(1)
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In January, taping of the gypsum board in an unheated new house is set for Thursday at 08:00. The builder plans to start the construction heaters at 07:00 that morning and run them until 48 h after finishing is done. Does this meet Part 9?
- Yes: heat during the work and for 48 h after it is all that Part 9 asks.
- Yes: Part 9 sets cold-weather rules for stucco, not for gypsum board finishing.
- No: the space has to be held at 10 °C or more for 48 h before taping starts.
- No: the space has to be held above freezing for 48 h before the board is hung.
Show the answer
C. Correct. In cold weather Div. B 9.29.5.10.(1) wants the space kept at 10 °C or warmer for two full days before the joints are taped and finished, and for two days after. Starting the heaters one hour ahead misses the 48 h lead time.
Why not the others
A. Heat during and for 48 h after is the pattern for stucco (Div. B 9.28.6.1.(2)). Gypsum taping also needs 48 h at 10 °C or more beforehand (Div. B 9.29.5.10.(1)).
B. Gypsum board has its own rule: Div. B 9.29.5.10.(1) requires at least 10 °C for 48 h before taping and finishing and for 48 h after.
D. Above freezing is the stucco-base rule (Div. B 9.28.6.1.(1)), and hanging the board is not the trigger. For taping, Div. B 9.29.5.10.(1) wants 10 °C or more for 48 h before taping and finishing, and for 48 h after.
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.29.5.10.(1), 9.28.6.1.(1) and (2)
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An attached garage for a detached house will have a slab-on-ground floor next to the house's own slab-on-ground floor; the site is sand with no clay. Which detail does Div. B 9.35. require at the two slabs?
- Garage foundations taken to the same depth as the house foundations.
- One continuous slab placed monolithically under both spaces.
- A garage floor sloped to a floor drain inside the garage.
- A construction joint between the house slab and the garage slab.
Show the answer
D. Correct. Div. B 9.35.3.2.(2) calls for a construction joint where the slab-on-ground of an attached garage (or of a breezeway or carport) meets the house's own slab.
Why not the others
A. Matching the house's foundation depth is required in clay-type soils that move with moisture changes (Div. B 9.35.3.2.(1)); on sand it is not. The slab rule is a construction joint (Div. B 9.35.3.2.(2)).
B. A monolithic slab is the opposite of what Div. B 9.35.3.2.(2) asks for: a construction joint between the house slab and the garage slab.
C. An attached garage floor has to slope so liquids drain to the outdoors (Div. B 9.35.2.2.(1)), not to an inside drain. The slab-to-slab rule is a construction joint (Div. B 9.35.3.2.(2)).
Source: 2024 Ontario Building Code, our Unit E: Wood-frame construction, building envelope and finishes; Div. B 9.35.3.2.(1) and (2), 9.35.2.2.(1)
02Answer key
| Question | Answer | Our sub-topic | Exam |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | C | Sub-topic E-1.01 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q2 | B | Sub-topic E-1.02 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q3 | B | Sub-topic E-1.04 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q4 | B | Sub-topic E-1.05 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q5 | C | Sub-topic E-2.02 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q6 | C | Sub-topic E-3.01 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q7 | C | Sub-topic E-3.02 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q8 | D | Sub-topic E-4.02 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q9 | C | Sub-topic E-4.03 | House and Small Buildings |
| Q10 | D | Sub-topic E-5.01 | House and Small Buildings |
03What Unit E covers
Unit E is the biggest unit in our bank and in our mock for both exams. It covers wood-frame construction in Section 9.23 (fasteners, spans, notching and drilling, beams and joists, studs and lintels, bracing, roof and ceiling framing, subflooring and sheathing), steel stud framing in Section 9.24, roof-space venting, insulation, air barriers and vapour barriers, the Part 5 environmental separation rules that Part 9 refers to, roofing and roof drainage, cladding, stucco, interior finishes and flooring, garages and carports, and cottages, log construction and park model trailers. Most of its questions are about what a framer, roofer or finisher does on site and whether it meets the Code.
MMAH publishes, for each exam, the list of Building Code Parts, Sections and Articles it covers, but not how many questions any of them gets. Unit E, its 16 sub-topics below and the right-hand column are TicketPrep's own: the column is how many questions our bank holds on each sub-topic, Standard and Advanced together, not a count from an exam. Our timed mocks draw 22 of their 70 questions from Unit E for House and 17 for Small Buildings; those weights are ours too.
| Our sub-topic | In our bank |
|---|---|
| E-1.01 General, fasteners, maximum spans, notching and drilling, anchorage, sill plates (9.23.1-9.23.7) | 10 |
| E-1.02 Beams and floor joists (9.23.8, 9.23.9) | 5 |
| E-1.03 Wall studs, plates, framing over openings, lateral-load bracing (9.23.10-9.23.13) | 9 |
| E-1.04 Roof and ceiling framing, subflooring, roof and wall sheathing (9.23.14-9.23.17) | 11 |
| E-1.05 Sheet steel stud wall framing (9.24) | 6 |
| E-2.01 Roof space venting and access (9.19) | 3 |
| E-2.02 Insulation, air barrier systems and vapour barriers (9.25) | 6 |
| E-2.03 Part 5 environmental separation referenced (Part 5 except 5.4, 5.7, 5.8) | 12 |
| E-3.01 Roofing general, materials, slopes, flashing, eave protection and underlay (9.26.1-9.26.6) | 10 |
| E-3.02 Roof coverings, roof drains and downspouts (9.26.7-9.26.18) | 16 |
| E-4.01 Cladding (9.27) | 18 |
| E-4.02 Stucco (9.28) | 10 |
| E-4.03 Interior wall and ceiling finishes (9.29) | 13 |
| E-4.04 Flooring (9.30) | 7 |
| E-5.01 Garages and carports (9.35) | 4 |
| E-5.02 Cottages, log construction and park model trailers (9.37-9.39) | 8 |
04What the questions turn on
Framing: what is left after the hole, and what holds the joist
Drilling and notching rules are written in terms of what must remain of the member, so subtract from the actual depth. Joists framed into the side of a beam need hangers, connectors or ledger strips of a minimum size, and a smaller strip is allowed only with extra nailing. Steel stud walls add studs at the sides of wide openings.
The envelope: insulation, roofing and water
Loose-fill insulation on a sloped ceiling has a slope limit that depends on the type of fill. Eave protection can be left off in the mildest locations, which is a degree-day check against SB-1. Downspouts that do not go to a sewer need extensions that carry water away without eroding the soil.
Finishes and the details between materials
Resilient flooring laid straight on a panel subfloor changes the nails that hold the subfloor down. Aluminum flashing in stucco needs a separating membrane or coating. Gypsum board finishing in cold weather needs the space held warm for two days before and after the work, and an attached garage slab meets the house slab at a construction joint.
05The other units
Both exams pass at 70 per cent of the whole paper, with no minimum for any topic, so a strong unit can make up for a weak one, but only by so much: on 70 questions, 49 right is the pass line. Each of our units has its own page of free questions:
The BCIN exam practice test page describes the full question bank. How these questions are written and checked: how our questions are made. Found a mistake? Tell us and we will fix it. TicketPrep is not affiliated with MMAH, Humber Polytechnic or the National Research Council of Canada, and no Building Code text is reproduced here: the questions cite Article numbers and explain the requirement in their own words.